The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.